Objective-c For Os X
When you write an Objective-C program for your iPhone or Mac OS X apps, all you are doing is providing a set of instructions for the computer to follow. Fundamentally, programs manipulate numbers and text, and all things considered, a computer program has only two parts: variables (and other structures), which “hold” the data, and instructions, which perform operations on that data.
Making an Objective-C Statement
NSHipster Fake Book — Over 200 Objective-C licks for iOS and MacOS X developers. Objective-C Runtime Reference — From Apple, all about OS X Objective-C 2.0 runtime library support functions and data structures. Objective-C Cheat Sheet and Quick Reference — One page PDF covering common Objective-C issues. Great for hanging on the wall next. Supported operating systems Objective-C. To develop and run applications built with Objective-C, you and your target users will need any Apple Mac computer running Mountain Lion or higher (OS X 10.8). To develop and run applications built with Swift, you and your target users will need any Apple Mac computer running Yosemite or higher (OS X 10.10). Launchd is the OS X system supervisor intended for launching and monitoring background processes, and would be typically used to run XPC services. Launchd agents can react to various system events, and can be configured to restart processes in the event of them crashing ( specified via the KeepAlive/SuccessfulExit key in the property list ). Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. This is the main programming language used by Apple for the OS X and iOS operating systems and their respective APIs, Cocoa and Cocoa Touch.
Programming iPhone and Mac apps in Objective-C is about making a statement. You can recognize a statement in Objective-C immediately by noting the semicolon at the end:
You will see other lines of code, but unless the line ends with a semicolon, it is not an Objective-C statement.
Objective-C Built-in Data Types and New Data Types
The variables you declare in Objective-C, Objective-C data types, must be a type that the compiler can recognize. Objective-C comes with a number of built-in data types, as well as mechanisms to create new ones, for programming your iPhone or Mac OS X applications.
| Type | Description | Size |
|---|---|---|
| char | A character | 1 byte |
| int | An integer — a whole number | 4 bytes |
| float | Single precision floating point number | 4 bytes |
| Double | Double precision floating point number | 8 bytes |
| short | A short integer | 2 bytes |
| long | A double short | 4 bytes |
| long long | A double long | 8 bytes |
| BOOL | Boolean (signed char) | 1 byte |
Enumeration types
Identifiers are of constants of type int.
typedef
Associates an identifier with a specific type.
Constants
Allows you to define names for constants.
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Objective-C Operators
Objective-C operators, like those in other programming languages, let you perform operations on variables (hence the name). Objective-C provides many operators, and keeping track of all of them can be difficult as you program your iPhone or Mac OS X apps. Use the following tables to jog your memory as to which operator accomplishes what task.
| Operator | What It Does |
|---|---|
| + | Addition |
| – | Subtraction |
| * | Multiplication |
| / | Division |
| % | Modulo |
| Operator | What It Does |
|---|---|
| Equal to | |
| != | Not equal to |
| > | Greater than |
| < | Less than |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
| Operator | What It Does |
|---|---|
| ! | NOT |
| && | Logical AND |
| Logical OR |
| Operator | What It Does |
|---|---|
| += | Addition |
| -= | Subtraction |
| *= | Multiplication |
| /= | Division |
| %= | Modulo |
| &= | Bitwise AND |
| = | Bitwise Inclusive OR |
| ^= | Exclusive OR |
| <<= | Shift Left |
| >>= | Shift Right |
| Operator | What It Does |
|---|---|
| ++ | Addition |
| — | Subtraction |
| *= | Multiplication |
| /= | Division |
| %= | Modulo |
| &= | Bitwise AND |
| = | Bitwise Inclusive OR |
| ^= | Exclusive OR |
| <<= | Shift Left |
| >>= | Shift Right |
| Operator | What It Does |
|---|---|
| & | Bitwise AND |
| Bitwise Inclusive OR | |
| ^ | Exclusive OR |
| ~ | Unary complement (bit inversion) |
| << | Shift Left |
| >> | Shift Right |
| Operator | What It Does |
|---|---|
| () | Cast |
| , | Comma |
| Sizeof() | Size of |
| ? : | Conditional |
| & | Address |
| * | Indirection |
Control Statements and Loops in Objective-C
In programming, as in life, you have to make decisions and act on them. Objective-C provides control statements and loops to help your program take action. You may want to repeat a set of instructions based on some condition or state, for example, or even change the program execution sequence. Here is the basic syntax for Objective-C control statements and loops.
if else
for
for in
or
Objective C Programming For Mac Os X
Expression is an object that conforms to the NSFastEnumeration protocol.
An NSArray and NSSet enumeration is over content.
An NSDictionary enumeration is over keys.
An NSManagedObjectModel enumeration is over entities.
while
do while
Jump statements
Stop execution and returns to the calling function.
Leave a loop.
Skip the rest of the loop and start the next iteration.
An absolute jump to another point in the program (don’t use it).
Terminates your program with an exit code.
Declaring Classes and Sending Messages in Objective-C
Object-oriented programming languages enable you to declare classes, create derived classes (subclass), and send messages to the objects instantiated from a class. This is the essence of object-oriented programming and part of the object-oriented extensions that Objective-C adds to C. To ensure that everything operates smoothly, compiler directives are available that enable you to inform the compiler of your classes by using @class and #import.
Objective C Macos X Tutorial
Interface
Implementation
Message Syntax
#import
Guarantees that a header file will be included only once.
@class
Clues the compiler into user defined types.
Objective-c For Os X 10
- Basic Objective-C
- Advanced Objective-C
- Objective-C Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. This is the main programming language used by Apple for the OS X and iOS operating systems and their respective APIs, Cocoa and Cocoa Touch. This reference will take you through simple and practical approach while learning Objective-C Programming language.
Os X 10.12
This reference has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts related to Objective-C Programming languages.
Before you start doing practice with various types of examples given in this reference, I'm making an assumption that you are already aware about what is a computer program and what is a computer programming language?