Compile Fortran For Os X
Out of the box, OS X Lion doesn’t have the command line C compilers. Plus, Apple has once again changed the way you install those compilers in /usr/bin. Here’s how to do it with the latest Xcode and Lion.
Back in August, right after OS X 10.7, Lion, shipped, I wrote about how a new installation does not have the C compilers in the expected place, /usr/bin. This article, “OS X Lion for UNIX Geeks: Installing the C Compilers,” provided all the background.
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Compile Fortran For Os X Download
Recently, professor Ulf von Barth of Lund University in Sweden alerted me to the fact that the mechanism has changed yet again. In the article linked above, I explained that all you had to do was download and install Apple’s Xcode IDE, and everything would be as expected. Now, you have to do a little more. But before I proceed, you should go back and read that article for reference on the C compilers, gcc, llvm, and all that jazz.
Motivation
There may be good reasons not to have a C compiler sitting around an average user’s Mac, ready to stir up trouble if accessed by malware. Thats why it’s not in the Mac by default. On the other hand, you may be taking a C class and want to use a C compiler (gcc now points to llvm) from the command line. Or you may be an administrator, and you want the C compiler to be available in a lab setting. Or you’re a researcher, and you don’t use Xcode for scientific computing. Or it may just be for show. Some day, an IT admin will come up to you and question you about the Mac, and you proudly announce that it’s based on (BSD) UNIX. This Linux guru will open the command line, type “cd /usr/bin; ./gcc -v” and then snort. “Aha. Nothing there. It’s not real UNIX! ” Not good.
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- Related question: State of the Mac OS in Scientific Computing and HPC. A significant number of software packages in computational science are written in Fortran, and Fortran isn't going away. A Fortran compiler is also required to build other software packages (one notable example being SciPy). However, Mac OS X does not include a Fortran compiler.
Uh-oh. Not there.
For whatever reason you may have, here’s what you need to do nowadays. Note that, unlike before, when everything was free, you will need to be a registered Mac developer.
Procedure
Background: I maintain a large legacy Fortran77 code with that has, for many years, been successfully compiled and linked under a c-shell with gFortran and g, now under OS X Yosemite. I am moving the code from gFortran to Intel Fortran in an attempt to address some 32-bit pointer issues that seem to be cropping up as I increase the size of internal arrays.
1. Download Xcode, now at version 4.3.2, just as before, from the Mac App Store. Finder -> Apple -> App Store… It’s always been free and still is.
2. Launch the Xcode.app that was downloaded to /Applications.
3. If you stop there, you’ll find that, unlike before, the command line compilers are not installed by default. You can go hunting for them, and you’ll it all in:
Oops. gcc/llvm now buried /Applications for use by Xcode
Phew! That won’t do you any good unless you intend to use Xcode exclusively. Very likely, all your conventional Make scripts won’t know where to find the C compilers (and linker and assembler) now, and you wouldn’t want to modify them anyway. So setting up links to the new location would be messy and likely will not work, creating new headaches. What you need is everything back in /usr/bin like before.
4. After launching Xcode, go to Preferences and select the Downloads pane, then Components. There, in the list of candidate items will be the Command line tools. Click “Install.”
Xcode’s downloads
5. You’ll be prompted for your developer credentials…
…then you’ll see the classic progress bar. When that’s done, the C compilers will all be in /usr/bin, as desired. To prove that all’s well, open a terminal window, cd to /usr bin, and take a look. Voila.
All is well again in /usr/bin
It’s a shame we have to go through all that these days, but I can see how Apple feels that the majority of users don’t need these tools, and those who do will find out how to get them. I suppose you could call that a subordinate claws.
_________
My thanks to Dr. Ulf von Barth of Lund University in Sweden and Dr. Gaurav Khanna, Physics Dept., the University of Massachussetts for their assistance with this article.
Fortran is one of the earliest imperative computer programming languages around. It is often used for scientificand numeric programs. This page lists free Fortran compilers for various operating systems. Note that the differentsoftware listed are compliant with different Fortran standards, eg, ANSI Fortran 77, Fortran 95, Fortran 2003,Fortran 2008 and so on, so be sure to get the appropriate one for your purpose. Some of them may alsocome complete with debuggers,editors and anintegrated development environment (IDE).
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Free Fortran Compilers and IDEs
The AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler Suite (or 'AOCC') includes an optimizing Fortran compiler that can generate code for32-bit and 64-bit Linux systems. It also comes with optimized libraries.
D viewcam for mac os x. This system comes with the GNU G77 Fortran compiler (among other things, including aC/C++ compiler), which you can use to generate Win32 executables fromF77 code. Like many systems based on the GNU tools, Mingw32 comes with complete with various programming tools,such as a program maintainence program (ie, make), text processing tools (sed, grep),lexical analyser generator (flex), parser generator (bison), etc.
G95 is an open source Fortran 95 compiler. At the time this was written, most of the ISO Fortran 95 standardhas been implemented. Platforms supported include Linux(x86, Intel IA64, AMD x86_64), Windows, Macintosh OS X, FreeBSD,Sparc Solaris and HP-UX.
gfortran, part of the GNU Compiler Collection, is a free Fortran 95/2003/2008 compiler. Like all things from GNU, it comeswith source code. Precompiled binaries (executables) are available for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, the old Mac OS (PPC), etc.
Salford FTN95 is a Fortran 95 compiler that supports Fortran 77, Fortran 90 and Fortran 95. The compiler generatesexectuables for Win32 (but Win32 console and GUI applications) and the Microsoft .NET framework. It comes with CHECKMATE,a tool that lets programmers check the correctness of their code at runtime. Also included is Plato 3 (an IDE),full source level debugging, documentation and examples. You may only generate code for your personal use on yourhome computer, and all executables will display a banner on execution.
The Watcom (now OpenWatcom) Fortran 77 compiler is now available free of charge, complete with source code.This compiler, which generates code for Win32, Windows 3.1 (Win16), OS/2, Netware, MSDOS(16 and 32 bit), etc, was a well-known compiler some years back (until Sybase terminated it).
The Oracle Developer Studio includes C, C++ and Fortran compilers for Linux (specifically the Red Hat and Oracledistributions) andSolaris. Based on information displayed on the download page at the date this entry was written, it looks like you canfreely use the compiler for developing commercial applications if you wish. (As with all software, you should of courseverify this yourself, since the situation sometimes changes over time.)
f2j translates Fortran 77 source code to Java class files. It is distributed under theGNU GPL and runs on Linux, SunOS/Solaris.
This is a well-known Fortran to C converter that comes with source code. The site alsoincludes pre-compiled binaries (executables) for MSDOS and Microsoft Windows, althoughthese are by no means the only systems supported - the compiler works on Unix systems likeBSD, Linux, etc. You have to compile the compiler yourself on those systems.Libraries containing the runtime support needed (together with the C source code)are also included. You need a C compiler to generatebinaries from your Fortran sources.
This is a development system based on the well-known GNU compiler system that includes compilers for Fortran 77,C, C++, Objective C, etc.It generates 32 bit MSDOS executables that is Windows 95 long-filename-aware. It is a very complete system with IDEs,graphics libraries,lexical analyser generators (flex), parser generators (bison),text processing utilities (like grep, sed),a program maintainence utility (ie, make),a DOS extender, and so on. The compiler,utilities and libraries come with source code.
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Compile Fortran For Os X 8
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